Building structure



Dec. 15, 1936. 5. A. SEARING 2,064,633

BUILDING STRUCTURE Filed July 5, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet l JiqJ.

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c. A. sEARlNG BUILDING STRUCTURE Fild July 5,A 1935 2 sheets-sheet 2 f zga Patented Dec. 15, 1936 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

My invention relates to that type of building structure wherein walls of bricks or tiles are employed, and is herein described as used in connection with buildings having a framework of steel, but certain features of the invention are applicable also to the walls of other types of buildings.

One object of my invention is to provide a brick or tile wall of such form that various of the tiles can be anchored directly to a steel framework, notwithstanding variation in spacing as between various members of the frame structure.

Another object of my invention is to provide a wall of the character referred to wherein the individual blocks may not only have direct interlocking engagement with the framework, but are interlocked with one another, and can be readily placed in accurate alignment with respect to both the framework and one another.

Another object of my invention is toprovide a wall structure comprising cored or apertured tiles, with improved means for sealing said apertures at theI edges or ends of the tiles, to thereby provide dead air spaces.

Another object of my invention is to provide a masonry wall structure having improved joint material between the blocks or tiles comprising the wall.

Some of the forms which my invention may take are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a sectional plan view of a wall structure; Fig. 2 is a face view thereof; Fig. 3 is a view, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of the structure of Fig 1; Fig. 4 is a view taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a plan view showing one of the window jamb blocks of Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a plan view of another jamb block; Fig. 7 is an enlarged view taken on the line VII-VII of Fig. 2; Fig. 8 is an enlarged View taken on the line VIII-VIII of Fig. 2, and Fig. 9 is a plan view showing one of the joint strips employed between the horizontal courses of the bricks.

The invention is shown asemployed in connection with a building structure having steel framework, provided with vertically-extending I-beams II, which may be connected by horizontally-extending beams at various licor levels `in the usual manner.

The bricks or tiles employed in constructing the walls may be of any ordinary tile or brick material, and may suitably be of burned shale or re clay.

An important feature of my invention resides in the form of tiles or bricks employed. A major portion of the wall is composed of tiles formed as shown more clearly in Fig. 3. These tiles I2 have cored openings I3, lli and I5, all extending entirely through the tiles, in a vertical direction.' The cored openings I4 serve primarily as dead air spaces when covered with a mortar joint, as hereinafter explained.

The openings; I3 may also function somewhat as dead air spaces, but principally serve as a means for anchoring the pointing mortar in place, as hereinafter explained. The openings I5 will also serve as dead air spaces. Each tile is provided with three vertically-extending anges I6, I'I and I8 that serve as hook elements for locking the tiles to the I-beams or studding II.

Each of the tiles I2 is provided with a tongue I9 and a groove 20, the tongue of one tileinterfitting with the groove of an adjacent tile, so thatthose tiles which are intermediate adjacent I-beams II will be held in place. The tongues or grooves also facilitate the assembling of the tiles in proper alignment in a wall.

The tiles may conveniently be made in I2 inch lengths, and the tongues I6 and I1, for example, may suitably be 6 inches apart, so that the tiles will fit in framework wherein the vertical frame members I I are spaced apart distances which are multiples of 6 inches. Where the tiles I2 of one course are placed in staggered or offset relation with the tiles of the adjacent courses as shown in Fig. 2, and as is common practice in the brick-laying art, if the tongues I'I of the tiles in one course engage with certain of the I-beams II, as shown in Fig. 3, on the succeeding course, the tongues IB of the upper tiles would have interlocking engagement with said beams. It will also be seen that if the beams in Figs. 1 and 3 were brought either closer together or farther apart by distances of 6 inches or 12 inches, they could still be engaged by tongues I6, I1 or I8, in various of the courses.

It will, of course, be understood that the tiles need not be made in lengths which are multiples of a 6inch dimension, but that they could be made in various other lengths, such as 4-inch multiples or S-inch multiples, etc., where they are to be used with frame members or I-beams which have spacing of Ll-inch multiple or 8-inch multiple.

The blocks 2l and 22 which are positioned at the sides of the door or window jamb openm ings, as shown in Fig. 2, are formed somewhat in the same manner as the tiles I2, but each has one of its ends plain, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6,

and the tiles 22 are, of course, only about onehalf the length of the tiles 2I.

Corner blocks 23 may all be formed in duplicate, and are each provided with a tongue 24, that engages with a flange of a corner I-beam I I, when the tiles are placed, as shown in Fig. '7. In alternate courses, the corner blocks will be placed in the position shown in Fig. 8, so as to secure the desired staggered arrangement of the vertical joints, and consequent binding eiect as between the various courses. The tiles 23 are cored in substantially the same manner as the tiles I2.

The cored openings and the flanges of the various tiles all extend in parallelism with one another, so that the tiles can be cheaply made by the extrusion process, it being necessary only to provide an extrusion die Within which are positioned suitable core bars and flange bars for forming the cored openings and the hook flanges of the tiles.

Another important feature of my invention resides in the form of mortar joint employed. When each course of tiles has been laid, a preformed joint strip 2S of what might be termed mortar is placed on the course, and is of such Width as to overlie the cored openings Id and I5, thus producing dead air spaces within the tiles. The joint strips will be out away at one edge in the vicinity of the studding II, as shown in Fig. 9, and will iit against the studding, thus facilitating the placement thereof in proper position on the tiles. Joint strips may suitably be formed of to 90% re clay, with an asphalt and oil binder of 10% to '20%. The binder may suitably be composed of about 80% asphalt and 20% mineral oil. A heavy mineral oil sludge could be employed as a binder. In any event, it is desired to have the joint strip of such material that it will yield Yslightly under the weight of the superposed tiles, so that unevennesses in the edges of the tiles may be compensated for, and an air and moisture-tight seal eiTected.

The strips l26, preferably terminate at the cored openings I3, and pointing mortar 21 of the usual lime and sand, or cement composition, or a tinted mortar, is introduced into the horizontal and vertical `joint spaces at the face of the wall. As shown more clearly in Fig. 4, the mortar 21 will spread somewhat into the openings I3, whereby it will be keyed in place, and also serve to key the tiles together. The mortar may be applied with a trowel or extruded into the joints through a nozzle, under pressure. The pointing mortar will ordinarily not be applied until after any slight yielding of the joint strips under load has taken place, which may be within a period of a few hours, or longer, depending upon weather conditions and the stiffness of the material in the joint strips.

I claim as my invention:

1. A building structure comprising frame members having vertically arranged flanges, and tiles having anges on their rear sides, at points adjacent to their ends and at intermediate points, the abutting ends of adjacent tiles having 01T- sets which have intertting engagement with one another, and certain of the tiles having their intermediate flanges in hooked engagement with the frame flanges and other tiles having their end flanges hooked to the said frame flanges.

2. A building structure comprising frame members having vertically arranged anges, and tiles each having a flange on one of its sides, in hooked engagement with a frame ange, the abutting ends of adjacent tiles having offsets which have intertting engagement with one another.

3. A building structure comprising frame members having vertically arranged flanges, tiles arranged in courses, and certain of the tiles each having a flange on one side at a point approximately midway between its ends and in hooked engagement with a frame flange, the abutting ends of adjacent tiles having oisets which are in intertting engagement with one another.

e. A building structure comprising frame members having vertically arranged flanges, tiles having flanges adjacent to their ends and their mid-points, the tiles of certain courses having their intermediate iianges in hooked engagement with the first-named iianges and the tiles of other courses having their end anges so hooked, and strips of Water-resistant plastic material interposed between adjacent courses of tile.

5. A building structurecomprising frame members having vertically arranged flanges, tiles arranged in courses and having iianges adjacent to their ends and their mid-points, the tiles of certain courses having their intermediate Iianges in hooked engagement with the first-named flanges and the tiles of other courses having their end flanges so hooked, and strips of waterresistant plas-tic material interposed between adjacent courses of tile, the tiles having openings extending vertically therethrough and sealed by said strips.

6. A building structure comprising frame members provided with vertically arranged flanges, and tiles assembled in courses with the tiles of certain courses' oit-set longitudinally relative to the tiles of adjacent courses, the tiles of certain courses having flanges adjacent to their ends in hooked engagement with flanges of the frame members, and the tiles of intermediate oi-set courses having flanges at their mid-points in hooked engagement with said iianges of the frame members.

CHARLES A. SEARING. 

